Thursday, December 19, 2013
Extra Credit Over Break
If you are interested in Extra Credit Over Break---Click on the Extra Credit tab on the right side of the page and select one item to complete.
Monday, December 9, 2013
12/9 Civil Rights Organizations
Read Ch. 21 S2 and take Cornell Notes on the different Civil Rights Groups
12/6 Halberstam & Civil Rights
Halberstam and Civil Rights//Focus on Little Rock 9. Turn in notes for the week
Thursday, December 5, 2013
12/5 Montgomery Bus Boycott
In Their Shoes---
You are a black person in Montgomery, AL in 1955. Think about what that would mean and then answer these 2 questions.
Do you think that the Montgomery Bus Boycott was the right thing to do?
Why do you think that you would or would not have participated in it?
Halberstam's Civil Rights
You are a black person in Montgomery, AL in 1955. Think about what that would mean and then answer these 2 questions.
Do you think that the Montgomery Bus Boycott was the right thing to do?
Why do you think that you would or would not have participated in it?
Halberstam's Civil Rights
12/4 Brown V. Board of Ed.
BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA
Directions: As you read the information on these pages about the Brown case, underline key words, names, and terms in the story.
“Separate But Equal”
In 1896 the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate public and private facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were equal. This “separate but equal” ruling meant it was legal to have segregation—separation of the races—in such areas as transportation, education, housing, and recreation.
Segregated schools
In the early 1950s, many states required “separate but equal” segregated public schools. In Topeka, KS, an 8-yr-old black girl named Linda Brown had to travel 20 blocks to attend a “black” grade school when a white school was only 7 blocks away. Oliver Brown, Linda’s father, sued the school district, charging that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Mr. Brown was backed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The case was called Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Thurgood Marshall, a lawyer for the NAACP, eventually presented the case to the Supreme Court. (Marshall later became the first black Supreme Court justice.) The Court voted 9-0 for Brown, thereby overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and rejecting the idea of “separate but equal”. In writing the court’s opinion, Chief Justice Earl Warren commented:
To Separate [school children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone…We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
The Supreme Court ordered all public school districts to end segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
Reaction to the Brown decision
Some districts quickly obeyed the federal court order to desegregate their schools. But in other districts, the opposition to desegregation was strong, emotional, and sometimes violent. Over 100 Southerners in Congress protested against the Supreme Court action.
In 1957, nine black students tried to enroll at the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus called out the Arkansas National Guard to stop the students. President Dwight D. Eisenhower put the Guard under federal control, and sent army paratroopers to oversee the students’ safe enrollment.
In 1962, James Meredith, a black veteran, tried to enroll at the University of Mississippi. President John F. Kennedy ordered 16,000 troops to the scene, and federal marshals escorted Meredith to classes.
In 1963, Alabama Governor George Wallace declared he would “stand in the schoolhouse door” to prevent integration—mixing of the races—at the University of Alabama. Wallace went to the campus and personally stopped two black students from enrolling. Kennedy sent in the Alabama National Guard to ensure that the students were admitted.
Slow pace of desegregation
Ten years after the Brown decision, some southern states had not yet begun to integrate their schools. In Prince Edward County, VA, the public schools were closed to avoid integration. All-white private schools were being operated. The Supreme Court declared that it would no longer allow unnecessary delay in integrating schools.
Despite resistance, there was progress toward desegregation, not only in the schools but in the use of publicly owned facilities, in transportation, and in hotel and restaurant accommodations. By the end of the 1960s, court decisions and Civil Rights Acts had weakened segregation in the South. School districts of every state had achieved at least some measure of integration as a result of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Integration through busing
In many places—especially in large cities—there were “black schools” and “white schools” simply because they were located in black neighborhoods and white neighborhoods. In the early 1970s, the Supreme Court began ordering the busing of black students to “white schools” and white students to “black schools.” Forced busing was carried out in both southern and northern cities. It quickly became a controversial way to achieve integration. Many parents and students, both black and white, preferred the “neighborhood school,” and objected to the extra time and travel. In 1991, the Supreme Court in Oklahoma City Board of Education v. Dowell ruled that school districts can be released from court-ordered busing if they have taken all practical steps to eliminate segregation.
Answer the following questions from the reading:
1. __________________The Supreme Court ruled in this case that “separate but equal” facilities for
blacks and whites were constitutional.
2. __________________This was the number of justices that voted for the Topeka Board of Education.
3. __________________When the Supreme Court ordered all public schools to end segregation, over 100 members of this lawmaking body reacted in protest.
4. __________________This Supreme Court case rejected the “separate but equal” doctrine.
5. __________________Nine black students were at first denied the right to enroll at an all-white high school in this Arkansas City.
6. __________________President John F. Kennedy sent troops and federal marshals to ensure that James Meredith could attend this school.
7. __________________The public schools in this Virginia county once closed to avoid integration.
8. __________________Governor George Wallace “stood in the schoolhouse door” to try to prevent the integration of this university.
9. __________________This term means “separation of the races.”
10. __________________Segregation existed for a long time in transportation, education, ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______, and recreation.
11. __________________This term means “mixing of the races,” as in public schools.
12.12. __________________The transporting of black and white students to achieve integration within
school districts is known by this term.
13. __________________He was the lawyer who presented the Brown case to the Supreme Court.
14. __________________He was the Chief Justice who wrote the opinion in the Brown Case.
15. __________________He used army paratroopers to integrate Central High School.
16. __________________She was denied admission to the school located closest to where she lived.
17. __________________School districts taking all practical steps to eliminate segregation could end
busing, according to this Supreme Court case.
18. __________________The section of the country was slow to accept desegregation.
19. __________________This organization helps people who face discrimination.
20. __________________Oliver Brown accused the Board of Education of Topeka of violating the equal
protection clause of this amendment.
Directions: As you read the information on these pages about the Brown case, underline key words, names, and terms in the story.
“Separate But Equal”
In 1896 the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate public and private facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were equal. This “separate but equal” ruling meant it was legal to have segregation—separation of the races—in such areas as transportation, education, housing, and recreation.
Segregated schools
In the early 1950s, many states required “separate but equal” segregated public schools. In Topeka, KS, an 8-yr-old black girl named Linda Brown had to travel 20 blocks to attend a “black” grade school when a white school was only 7 blocks away. Oliver Brown, Linda’s father, sued the school district, charging that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Mr. Brown was backed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The case was called Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Thurgood Marshall, a lawyer for the NAACP, eventually presented the case to the Supreme Court. (Marshall later became the first black Supreme Court justice.) The Court voted 9-0 for Brown, thereby overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and rejecting the idea of “separate but equal”. In writing the court’s opinion, Chief Justice Earl Warren commented:
To Separate [school children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone…We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
The Supreme Court ordered all public school districts to end segregation “with all deliberate speed.”
Reaction to the Brown decision
Some districts quickly obeyed the federal court order to desegregate their schools. But in other districts, the opposition to desegregation was strong, emotional, and sometimes violent. Over 100 Southerners in Congress protested against the Supreme Court action.
In 1957, nine black students tried to enroll at the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus called out the Arkansas National Guard to stop the students. President Dwight D. Eisenhower put the Guard under federal control, and sent army paratroopers to oversee the students’ safe enrollment.
In 1962, James Meredith, a black veteran, tried to enroll at the University of Mississippi. President John F. Kennedy ordered 16,000 troops to the scene, and federal marshals escorted Meredith to classes.
In 1963, Alabama Governor George Wallace declared he would “stand in the schoolhouse door” to prevent integration—mixing of the races—at the University of Alabama. Wallace went to the campus and personally stopped two black students from enrolling. Kennedy sent in the Alabama National Guard to ensure that the students were admitted.
Slow pace of desegregation
Ten years after the Brown decision, some southern states had not yet begun to integrate their schools. In Prince Edward County, VA, the public schools were closed to avoid integration. All-white private schools were being operated. The Supreme Court declared that it would no longer allow unnecessary delay in integrating schools.
Despite resistance, there was progress toward desegregation, not only in the schools but in the use of publicly owned facilities, in transportation, and in hotel and restaurant accommodations. By the end of the 1960s, court decisions and Civil Rights Acts had weakened segregation in the South. School districts of every state had achieved at least some measure of integration as a result of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Integration through busing
In many places—especially in large cities—there were “black schools” and “white schools” simply because they were located in black neighborhoods and white neighborhoods. In the early 1970s, the Supreme Court began ordering the busing of black students to “white schools” and white students to “black schools.” Forced busing was carried out in both southern and northern cities. It quickly became a controversial way to achieve integration. Many parents and students, both black and white, preferred the “neighborhood school,” and objected to the extra time and travel. In 1991, the Supreme Court in Oklahoma City Board of Education v. Dowell ruled that school districts can be released from court-ordered busing if they have taken all practical steps to eliminate segregation.
Answer the following questions from the reading:
1. __________________The Supreme Court ruled in this case that “separate but equal” facilities for
blacks and whites were constitutional.
2. __________________This was the number of justices that voted for the Topeka Board of Education.
3. __________________When the Supreme Court ordered all public schools to end segregation, over 100 members of this lawmaking body reacted in protest.
4. __________________This Supreme Court case rejected the “separate but equal” doctrine.
5. __________________Nine black students were at first denied the right to enroll at an all-white high school in this Arkansas City.
6. __________________President John F. Kennedy sent troops and federal marshals to ensure that James Meredith could attend this school.
7. __________________The public schools in this Virginia county once closed to avoid integration.
8. __________________Governor George Wallace “stood in the schoolhouse door” to try to prevent the integration of this university.
9. __________________This term means “separation of the races.”
10. __________________Segregation existed for a long time in transportation, education, ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______, and recreation.
11. __________________This term means “mixing of the races,” as in public schools.
12.12. __________________The transporting of black and white students to achieve integration within
school districts is known by this term.
13. __________________He was the lawyer who presented the Brown case to the Supreme Court.
14. __________________He was the Chief Justice who wrote the opinion in the Brown Case.
15. __________________He used army paratroopers to integrate Central High School.
16. __________________She was denied admission to the school located closest to where she lived.
17. __________________School districts taking all practical steps to eliminate segregation could end
busing, according to this Supreme Court case.
18. __________________The section of the country was slow to accept desegregation.
19. __________________This organization helps people who face discrimination.
20. __________________Oliver Brown accused the Board of Education of Topeka of violating the equal
protection clause of this amendment.
12/2-3 Intro to Civil Rights
Ch. 21 S1 RG
1. Explain the importance of Jackie Robinson to the Civil Rights cause?
2. Explain the importance of the following:
a. African American Migration b. The New Deal c. WWII d. Rise of the NAACP
3. Explain the Brown v. Board of Education case (1954).
4. Explain the reaction to the Brown case.
5. Define integration.
6. Explain the importance of the Little Rock Nine.
1. Explain the importance of Jackie Robinson to the Civil Rights cause?
2. Explain the importance of the following:
a. African American Migration b. The New Deal c. WWII d. Rise of the NAACP
3. Explain the Brown v. Board of Education case (1954).
4. Explain the reaction to the Brown case.
5. Define integration.
6. Explain the importance of the Little Rock Nine.
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